অনার্স ৩য় বর্ষের ভাষাতত্ত্বের ভূমিকা সাজেশন 2024
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ভাষাতত্ত্বের ভূমিকা অনার্স ৩য় বর্ষ সাজেশন 2024
Part-A: Brief Questions with Answers
Language
1. What is language?
Ans. Language is a system of conventional, spoken or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group in its culture, communicate.
2. What is meant by ‘duality’?
Ans. Duality means that language is organized on two levels: physical level at which we can produce individual sounds e.g. n, b, i and meaning level: when we produce sounds in combination e.g.: nib, bin.
3. What is idiolect?
Ans. Individual’s language characteristic is known as idiolect. There are variations in voice quality, pitch, rhythm, choice of words, use of grammar etc.
4. What is bilingualism?
Ans. Complete mastery of two languages is bilingualism.
5. What is dialect?
Ans. The regional variation or the varieties of the same language that are spoken in the same country are known as dialects.
6. What is sociolect?
Ans. Language may vary depending on the speaker’s social class. That is sociolect.
Basic Concepts in Linguistics
1. What is linguistics?
Ans. Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
2. What does TGG stand for?
Ans. Transformational Generative Grammar.
3. What is competence?
Ans. Competence is the actual knowledge of the language.
4. What are the major levels of linguistics?
Ans. The levels are – phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, graphology, lexicology etc.
5. What is SLA?
Ans. Second Language Acquisition.
6. What is ‘langue’?
Ans. It is a French word meaning language. This is language as a system.
7. Who’s Saussure?
Ans. Ferdinand De Saussure is the originator of the 20th century reappearance of structuralism.
Phonetics and Phonolgy
1. What is phonology?
Ans. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in different languages or within a language.
2. What is the smallest phonological unit?
Ans. Phoneme is the smallest phonological unit.
3. What is phonetics?
Ans. Phonetics studies the production of speech sounds by humans.
4. What is phone?
Ans. Phone means ‘sound’ or ‘voice’.
5. What is IPA?
Ans. The full form of IPA is International Phonetic Alphabet.
6. Name the passive articulators.
Ans. Passive articulators are alveolar ridge, soft palate, hard palate, etc.
7. What are bilabial sounds?
Ans. When producing [b], [p] or [m], pronunciation is done by bringing both lips together. This is bilabial production.
Morphology
1. What is a morph?
Ans. A morph is the phonetic comprehension of a morpheme.
2. What is morpheme?
Ans. A morpheme is the smallest component of word that has semantic meaning.
3. What is allomorph?
Ans. Allomorphs are variants of a morpheme that differ in pronunciation but are semantically same.
4. What is morphology?
Ans. Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed in terms of their grammatical function and their meaning.
5. What is zero morph?
Ans. The plural form of sheep is actually ‘sheep+.’ This is called zero morph where no morpheme is added but still semantically it makes sense that there is a plural form.
6. What is bound morpheme?
Ans. Sounds that cannot stand alone as a word is a bound morpheme. The ‘s’ in cats is a bound morpheme and it does not have any meaning without the free morpheme cat.
7. What is Bound Stem?
Ans. A stem that cannot stand free as a word is called a bound stem. If we remove the prefix re- from the word rejection, we are left with jection, which is a bound stem that contains the bound base ject and the suffix -ion.
Syntax
1. What is syntax?
Ans. Syntax refers to the rules and principles that govern the sentence structure.
2. What is surface structure?
Ans. The actual spoken sentence is known as surface structure.
3. What is deep structure?
Ans. Deep structure refers to underlying meaning of the sentence.
4. What is phrase structure grammar?
Ans. Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax.
5. What is the difference between phrase structure and deep structure rule?
Ans. Phrase structure rules represent deep structure and always create structures with fixed word order. Transformational rules transforms into other category.
6. What are Schemata?
Ans. Schemata are mental patterns which we use to observe and understand our environment.
7. What is schema?
Ans. Schema is a stored body of knowledge.
Pragmatics
1. Define pragmatics.
Ans. Pragmatics studies language in context of situation in which it occurs.
2. What is coherence?
Ans. Coherence is the relationship that links the meaning of utterances and sentences.
3. What is cohesion?
Ans. The action of forming a united whole is cohesion.
4. What is ellipsis?
Ans. Ellipsis is the type of cohesion maintained by the process of omission of some items which is known to both the speaker and the listener or the writer and the reader.
5. What is reference?
Ans. Reference is an act on the part of the speaker or writer who refers by using some appropriate expression.d
6. What is flouting?
Ans. Flouting is oversimplified violation of an utterance.
7. What is inflection?
Ans. A change at the ending of a word to express a grammatical function such as tense, mood, person, number, case, and gender.
Semantics
1. What is semantics?
Ans. Semantics is the study of meaning. It studies meaning of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and the similarities of language.
2. What is hyponym?
Ans. Words that belong to a class are hyponyms. For instance, daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower.
3. What is homophone?
Ans. Homophones are pronounced in the same way but are written differently and often have different meanings.
4. What is homonym?
Ans. Homonyms are spelled and pronounced in the same way but are used to convey different meanings.
5. What is a synonym?
Ans. When a word has the same or nearly the same meaning it is called synonym.
6. What is an antonym?
Ans. A word that is opposite in meaning to another word is called antonym.
Psycholinguistics
1. What is psycholinguistics?
Ans. Psycholinguistics is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that allow humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language.
2. What is language acquisition?
Ans. Language acquisition is the process by which humans gain the capacity to perceive, comprehend, produce and use language.
3. What is first language?
Ans. First language is the native language of the learner.
4. What is second language?
Ans. Second language is the other language that the learner wants to learn.
5. What is LAD?
Ans. LAD is Language Acquisition Device.
6. What do mean by i+1?
Ans. In his Monitor Theory, Krashen stated the concept that language input should be at the “i+1” level, just little beyond what the learner can fully understand. ‘i’ is the existing level and ‘1’ is the advanced level.
7. Define aphasia.
Ans. Aphasia of speech is a speech disorder that makes it difficult to put sounds and syllables together in the correct order to form words.
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ভাষাতত্ত্বের ভূমিকা অনার্স ৩য় বর্ষ সুপার সাজেশন PDF Download 2024
Sociolinguistics
1. Define sociolinguistics.
Ans. Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of all the aspects of society on the way language is used and the effects of language use on society.
2. What is code switching?
Ans. Code-switching is the use of different varieties of language in different social situations.
3. What is dialect?
Ans. Dialect is any regional, social or ethnic variety of a language.
4. What is Creole?
Ans. A language that becomes a native language from a pidgin is called a Creole.
5. What is Pidgin?
Ans. A pidgin is a new language which develops when speakers of different languages, need to communicate but don’t share a common language. So, they form a new language combining the two.
6. What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
Ans. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis describes the relationship between fanguage, culture and thought. Sapir and Whorf agreed that it is our culture that determines our language, which in turn determines the say that we categorize our thoughts.
7. What is multilingualism?
Ans. Many individuals and families speak more than two languages. That is called multilingualism.
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Part B : Short Questions
Language
1. What is language?
2. In what sense language is arbitrary?
3. Discuss the relationship between language and culture.
4. Why is language considered as a social phenomenon?
5. What are the two levels of language?
Basic Concepts in Linguistics
1. Why is Linguistics considered as a science?
2. What is Linguistics?
3. Discuss the difference between language, langue and parole?
4. What are the main differences between ‘langue’ and ‘parole’?
5. What is the difference between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relation?
Phonetics and Phonolgy
1. Define phonetics/ What is phonetics?
2. Distinguish between phonetics and phonology.
3. What are the branches of phonetics?
4. What are voiced and unvoiced sounds?
5. Define dipthong. Mention the eight dipthongal phonemes of English language.
Morphology
1. What is a morpheme?
2. What is the difference between morph and morpheme?
3. What is allomorph?
4. Distinguish between Free Morpheme and Bound Morpheme.
5. What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morpheme?
Syntax
1. What is syntax?
2. What is surface structure?
3. What is deep structure?
4. What is phrase structure grammar/PS grammar?
5. What is IC analysis?
6. Exemplify IC analysis through a tree diagram.
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Pragmatics
1. Explain coherence and cohesion. / Why are cohesion and coherence important in paragraph writing?
2. What is bottom up and top down processing?
Semantics
1. What is semantics?
2. What is meant by conceptual meaning?
3. Explain connotative meaning.
4. Discuss syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations with examples.
Psycholinguistics
1. Briefly discuss behaviourist theory of B.F. Skinner.
2. Elucidate nativist theory of Noam Chomsky.
3. What is Sapir Whorf hypothesis?
4. What is monitor hypothesis?
5. What is ‘i+ 1″?
Sociolinguistics
1. What is sociolinguistics?
2. What is ‘prestige’ in sociolinguistics?
3. Discuss different varieties of socio-linguistics.
4. What is a pidgin?
5. Compare Creole with pidgin? / What are the characteristics of Creole? / Show the difference between Creole and Pidgin.
2024 ভাষাতত্ত্বের ভূমিকা অনার্স ৩য় বর্ষ সাজেশন পিডিএফ ডাউনলোড
Part C: Broad Questions
Language
1. How is spoken language different from written language.
2. What are the common characteristics or major properties of language? / Mention the major characteristics of language.
3. To what extent can Linguistics be considered as a science?
Basic Concepts in Linguistics
1. Evaluate Chomsky’s major contributions to linguistics. / Analyze Noam Chomsky’s Competence and performance.
2. Saussure laid the foundation of modern structural linguistics. Discuss. / Discuss Ferdinand de Saussure’s contribution to the study of language.
3. Elaborate the use of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations with example.
Phonetics and Phonolgy
1. Discuss the different branches of phonetics.
2. Classify the English consonant sounds according to the Manner of Articulation.
3. Classify English phonemes according to their places of articulation.
4. Draw a labelled diagram to show the articulatory organs of speech production? / Describe the different organs of speech with a diagram.
5. Describe cardinal vowels and show their positions through a diagram.
Morphology
1. What is morphology? Classify the morphemes in detail.
2. What is morpheme? Mention the inflectional and derivational morphemes in English.
3. What is word formation? Define the basic rules of Word Formation. / Write five techniques of word formation.
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Syntax
1. What is syntax? Discuss the major syntactic processes elaborately.
2. Distinguish between surface structure and deep structure. / How does surface structure derive from deep structure?
3. What is IC analysis? Exemplify IC analysis through tree diagrams and determine its limitations.
Pragmatics
1. What is pragmatics? How is pragmatics different from semantics?
2. What are Grice’s maxims? Discuss flouting of the maxims. / What is the cooperative principle? Discuss with reference to Grecian maxims?
3. What do you understand by cohesion? Discuss the various types of cohesive ties with examples.
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Semantics
1. What is semantics? Provide an analysis of major lexical relations.
Psycholinguistics
1. Discuss critically the Nativist Theory of language learning.
2. Discuss the different stages of child language development. / Describe the pre- linguistic development phase of child language development.
3. Briefly discuss any three hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor Model. / What do you know about the Monitor Model Theory of Stephen Krashen? Why is it important in SLA?
4. Briefly discuss the Acculturation Model of John Schumann.
5. Make a comparative study of behaviourist and mentalist theory of L1 acquisition.
Sociolinguistics
1. What is Sociolinguistics? Discuss the different varieties of language it studies.
2. Give a brief account of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
3. Discuss the relationship between language and culture.
4. Define relationships between language and society.
5. What is dialect? How is non-standard dialect transformed into a standard one?
আজকের সাজেশস: অনার্স ৩য় বর্ষের ভাষাতত্ত্বের ভূমিকা স্পেশাল সাজেশন 2024,Honors Introduction to Linguistics Suggestion 2024
