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Write a paragraph on ‘Traffic Congestion in Dhaka city’:-01
Introduction : Dhaka is the Mega-City of the world with more than 10 million population. The popular density in the city is highest in the world. The sewerage system, transportation, housing, traffic management etc. in the city are problematic. Thus, the city dwellers are facing a log of problems in their everyday life. Among many other problems, traffic congestion is acute one which results in waste of time and money. The reasons responsible for traffic congestion include absence of mass bus transit system, abundance of slow moving rickshaws and auto-rickshaws, lack of sufficient road space, inefficient traffic management and lack of required traffic rules and even improper implementation of traffic rules.
Causes of Traffic Congestion : Traffic congestion in the Dhaka City is the result of a lot of factors. Such as-
1. Absence of mass bus transit system : Mass bus transit system is the most efficient mode of transportation in major cities of the world.
2. Abundance of Rickshaws : The city presently has been swept by 5 lakh rickshaws growing at the rate of 20% each year. Rickshaws carry 48% of the total passenger trips occupying 73% of the road space.
3. Lack of sufficient road space : A large city should have road space at least 20% of the total city space. But in Dhaka city road space is estimated to be only 3% of the total city space.
4. Problems with the traffic laws and management : The traffic laws available in our country are not enough for efficient traffic management. More particularly, the punishment for violation of traffic laws is not effective.
5. Insufficient car parking place : Many skyscrapers are built without planning. So, various markets are built centring such building, people come to buy necessary things in such market but they are not given any place for parking. So, the general public keeps their vehicle here and there. So, traffic jam becomes inevitable for such rubbish planning.
Suggested measures : For getting rid of traffic congestion problem, both the government and private sector should come forward with innovative programs and initiatives.
1. Model shift of vehicles : Road space occupied by per passenger of buses is much less than that of others. So, to optimize the use of the costly road space of such a congested city the low capacity rickshaws and auto-rickshaws are to be replaced with high capacity buses.
2. Improving the traffic management system : Prompt initiatives should be taken for improving the traffic management system of the city. In this direction, installation of sophisticated traffic signals and traffic directing instruments can improve the system slightly.
3. Reformation of traffic laws : The existing traffic laws of the country should be reformed. Provision should be made to ensure the punishment for violation of traffic rules and regulations.
4. Phase-out the rickshaws : The rickshaws and auto-rickshaws should be phased out of the arterial roads of Dhaka city. However, the auto-rickshaws and rickshaws would ply in all the roads other than about 500 kilometres arterial roads of Dhaka.
Conclusion : After above discussion, it is clear that problem of traffic congestion in Dhaka City could not be solved totally overnight. Rather it needs long term initiatives. However, the initiatives taken so far are praiseworthy which include construction of fly-overs at different points of the city, formation of different transport companies under which a large number of luxurious buses, taxi and CNG auto-rickshaws are playing in the city.
আরো ও সাজেশন:-
Write a paragraph on ‘Traffic Congestion in Dhaka city’:-02
Dhaka is the capital and one of the oldest cities of Bangladesh. The history of Dhaka begins with urbanized settlements in the area that is now Dhaka since the 7th century. Dhaka is the heart of Bangladesh as the capital city as well as an economic & business hub of the economy. Bangladesh would enjoy the benefits of a huge economic boost by alleviating traffic congestion in the capital, the share of which alone in the country’s GDP is 35%. In this study total congestion cost (TCC) consists of 5(five) components. These are TTC (Travel time cost), DWL (Dead-weight loss which is avoidable Social Cost), EC (Travel delay externality cost), VOC (Vehicle operating cost or excess fuel cost due to congestion), EC (Environmental externality cost or air/noise pollution) and RTAC (Road Traffic Accident Cost). The Total GDP of Bangladesh (in current value) is 173.8189 Billion USD in 2014 (WB Data-bank), while according to this study, it is estimated that the total economic loss of the traffic congestion is 12.561 Billion USD, which is around 7%. Certainly, this amount of congestion cost for the lower-middle of Bangladesh is very much higher compared to any other country of the world. If, there is no traffic congestion in Dhaka city, and if we calculate this economic loss from 1971, the GDP of Bangladesh might be much more larger than the present amount.
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Write a paragraph on ‘Traffic Congestion in Dhaka city’:-03
In today’s world, the success of a city depends on its economy, which in turn is dependant on the infrastructure, among other things. The importance of the infrastructure can be particularly felt by the citizens of Dhaka in its traffic system, as its congestion reminds us of how important it is to have a good transport system.
• We the citizens of Dhaka are suffering because our traffic system is failing us, as it is resulting in less efficiency in various fields, such as business.
• Due to traffic congestion, our valuable times and energy are being wasted.
• The problem of traffic congestion and uncontrolled vehicle emission make life miserable in Dhaka city causing threat to health.
• Everyday work-hours are unnecessarily wasted due to traffic jam. It has a great economic impact on production and thus on our economy.
• Traffic congestions intensify sufferings of commuters keeping people motionless as well as creating suffocating condition in the streets.
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reasons of Traffic Congestion are mentioned below:
1. The minimum road requirement is 25% for a standard city, whereas Dhaka has only 7.5% road of its total area which is creating huge traffic. Moreover, if we look at the map of Dhaka city, the road connection of north and south is comparatively better than east and west which is causing people to take a longer route to travel.
2. The district truck and bus travel through heart of the capital city due to no bypass road. For example, a person who lives in Chittagong must enter Dhaka to reach Kushtia.
3. The Export Processing Zone (EPZ) which is established near Dhaka forces the vehicles to move from Savar to Dhaka to Chittagong. Our EPZ is oriented to bulk products like garments and it must be located near sea port.
4. Every day thousand of people are entering the city as our economic activity and administration like education, health sector are all Dhaka centered. There is no attempt for decentralization.
5. Bangladesh population growth is…
Thousands of pedestrians in Dhaka jaywalk every day, particularly during rush hours, risking their lives and the lives of motorists and sometimes with fatal consequences.
Jaywalking has reached such an alarming state that fatalities are recorded almost every day.
Pedestrians are often seen crossing the streets at places they are not supposed to while talking to each other or on mobile phones oblivious to things around them. Some seem to be unaware of the doctrine “Don’t run across the road”.
Jaywalking is so widespread that it has become almost a norm and motorists are often blamed for mishaps despite the fact that the pedestrian he or she hit was jaywalking.
The fast Airport Road from Uttara to Mohakhali, Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shaheed Tajuddin Sarani (Tejgaon), and Mirpur Road are the ones where most fatal accidents to pedestrians happen.
Largely, people’s tendency to flout traffic rules and lack of adequate facilities for pedestrians, illegal occupation of pavements by parked cars, shops, vendors and construction materials contribute to pedestrians use of the streets, said traffic experts.
A journalist died at Bangla Motor intersection while crossing Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue in 2005.
Dhaka University student Shammee Akhter Happy was run over by a speeding bus while crossing the Shahbagh intersection in 2005.
Sultana Akhtar Sumi, a 20-year student of Narayanganj Art College, died on April 3, 2009, as she stepped on a livewire and fell from the under-construction footbridge near Shishu Park.
According to Accident Research Institute at Buet, 380 deaths occur on the streets of Dhaka every year, and 75 percent are pedestrians.
“Lack of enforcement of law to free pedestrians’ facilities is the foremost reason why people go on jaywalking,” said M Rahmatullah, former director (transport) of United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
Absence of useful underpasses, footbridges and pavements force people into jaywalking, said Rahmatullah.
On controlling jaywalking, Selim Md Jahangir, deputy commissioner (traffic west zone) of Dhaka Metropolitan Police, said it is practically impossible for the police to stop jaywalking because it is a massive problem with almost everyone having a tendency to break traffic laws.
The volume of pedestrians compared to that of vehicles at certain places is many times higher and police have to control traffic, he said.
Dhaka City Corporation, entrusted with providing facilities to pedestrians, has been turning a blind eye to pavements occupied by illegal structures, parked cars, makeshift shops and construction materials.
The DCC has only 390 kilometres of pavements while it has 1,900 kilometres of roads, said DCC officials.
Most of the 52 footbridges in the city remain unused for various reasons. The DCC has four underpasses: one each at Gulistan intersection, Gabtoli bus terminal, Syedabad (Dhalpur) and Karwan Bazar. Apart from the one at Syedabad, the rest are in a poor state.
Nargis Chowdhury, a bank employee at Karwan Bazar and a resident of West Raza Bazar, said, “I never feel encouraged to use the Karwan Bazar underpass as it is often dark and infested with beggars, vagabonds and is very filthy.”
Prof Jamilur Reza Chowdhury, noted civil engineer and transport expert, said a key reason behind jaywalking is that most of the city dwellers are rural people who migrated or are first-generation urban dwellers.
Another reason is utterly unplanned footbridges that the pedestrians do not feel encouraged to use. Footbridges are not in a favourable state for the pedestrians to use. Some of them have been taken over by vendors, beggars and vagabonds, like the one at New Market, or they have human excreta on them.
“They are not user-friendly,” he said. Provision for on-the-surface pedestrian crossings should also be there too.
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